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Environmental studies
Environmental science is the study of physical or virtual environment of
objects; and in Nature, it is the study of interactions among physical,
chemical, and biological components of the environment. It is an
interdisciplinary science overlapping the categories in Natural sciences,
Engineering sciences and Social sciences. In nature, Environmental science
focuses on pollution and degradation of the environment related to human
activities and their impact on biodiversity and sustainability. As an
interdisciplinary field, environmental science also applies knowledge from
economics, law and social sciences. It can be applied to cyberspace environment
also. In nature, Physics is used to understand the flux of material and energy
interaction and construct mathematical models of environmental phenomena.
Chemistry is applied to understand the molecular interactions among natural
systems. Biology is fundamental to describing the effects within the plant and
animal kingdoms.
Environmental science came alive as a substantive, active field of scientific
investigation in the 1960s and 1970s. This was driven by the need for a large
multi-disciplined team to analyze complex environmental problems, the arrival of
substantive environmental laws requiring specific environmental protocols of
investigation, and growing public awareness of a need for action in addressing
environmental problems.Environmental science encompasses issues such as climate
change, conservation, biodiversity, groundwater and soil contamination, use of
natural resources, waste management, sustainable development, air pollution and
noise pollution. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of environmental science,
teams of professionals commonly work together to conduct environmental research
or to produce Environmental Impact Statements, as required by the U.S. National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) or under state laws. Other professional
organizations engender work in environmental science and aid in communication
among the diverse sciences. Atmospheric sciences, Ecology, Environmental
chemistry Geosciences
"Environmental science" and "ecology" are different fields of study, although
there is some overlap due to the multidisciplinary nature of environmental
science. Ecology is the study of the interrealtions of living organisms, whether
at the population, community, or ecosystem level. In constrast, environmental
science is a broad area of study including diverse areas such as meteorology,
atmospheric chemistry, soil chemistry, water chemistry, pollution studies, and
biological responses of systems to anthropogenic influence. water quality, air
quality, and soil chemistry).As an example study of soils erosion, calculations
would be made of surface runoff by soil scientists. Hydrologists would assist in
examining sediment transport in overland flow. Physicists would contribute by
assessing the changes in light transmission in the receiving waters. Biologists
would analyze subsequent impacts to aquatic flora and fauna from increases in
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